Transforming Spirit Shawl
Transforming Spirit Shawl
Transforming Spirit Shawl
Transforming Spirit Shawl

Transforming Spirit Shawl

  • Acrylic blend
  • 77 X 28 inches
  • Designed by artist Paul Windsor
  • Indigenous artist Paul Windsor sees art as an expression of spirit to the connections to people and the ways of life. His Transforming Spirit tasseled butterfly motif shawl is a generously sized accessory that makes a nice gift or special piece for yourself to enjoy draping over your shoulders. 

  • From 1774 until about 1832, treaties between individual sovereign American Indian nations and the United States were negotiated to establish borders and prescribe conditions of behavior between the parties.

    The form of these agreements was nearly identical to the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Revolutionary War between the U.S. and Great Britain. The negotiations resulted in a mutually signed pact that had to be approved by the U.S. Congress. Nontribal citizens were required to have a passport to cross sovereign Indian lands.

    From 1832 until 1871, American Indian nations were considered domestic, dependent tribes. In 1871, the House of Representatives ceased to recognize individual tribes within the U.S. as independent nations with which the U.S. could contract by treaty. This ended the nearly 100-year-old practice of treaty-making between the U.S. and American Indian tribes.

    The online exhibit "Rights of Native Americans" includes a visual timeline of the history of American Indian treaties and Native American activism to defend tribal sovereignty.